DELOS
Is a site
that should not be missed. There is a small mole but due to
the day cruises a spot is difficult to find. You can anchor
off and go with the dingy. No yachts are permitted after 1700
hrs. Despite its diminutive size, Delos is one of the most
important archaeological sites in Greece, and certainly the
most important in the Cyclades. Delos was a place of such
importance that the surrounding islands were known as the
Cyclades, since it was thougth that they lay in a circle round
the island on which the god Apollo was born.
History of Delos
According to mythology, Leto, pursued by Hera, found refuge
on a floating rocky island, which Poseidon then anchored to
the sea bottom with pillars of granite. Here, under the palm,
she bore to Zeus the twins Apollo and Artemis, attended by
Arge and Opis, two maidens from the hyperborean regions of
the north, which god was required to visit annually. From
the 7th century BC, Delos was under the influence of Naxos,
which promoted the development of the sanctuary. In the 6th
century BC, Peisistratos carried out a "purification" of the
island, with the removal of all tombs (apart from the two
hyperborean maidens) from Delos to the neighboring island
of Rheneia. Athenians coveted Delos for a long time, seeing
its strategic position as one from where they could control
the Aegean, and by the 5th century it had come under their
jurisdiction. At that time, Delos became the headquarters
of the Delian Confederacy, a maritime league under the leadership
of Athens, but in 454 BC the Athenians carried off the treasury
of the league and deposited it on the Acropolis. In 314 BC
Delos broke away from Athens to become independent and therefore
enjoyed a period of great prosperity. The island reached its
height in Hellenistic times, becoming one of the 3 most important
religious centers in Greece and a flourishing center of commerce.
It traded through the Mediterranean and was populated with
wealthy merchants, mariners and bankers from as far away as
Egypt and Syria. These inhabitants built temples to the various
gods worshipped in their countries of origin, although Apollo
remained the principal deity worshipped on the island. In
166 BC the Romans declared Delos a free port, which promoted
its development as a trading center and led to the growth
of a considerable commercial town. In 88 BC it was sacked
by Mithridates and 10.000 inhabitants were massacred. From
then on, Delos was prey to pirates, and later, also to looters
of antiquities.
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Excavations
The french School of Archeology has been responsible for the
exploration of the site; excavations, begun in 1872, have
been carried out in parallel with those at Delphi. In 1904
with the aid of a patron, the Duc de Loubat, M. Holleaux began
the "great excavation" which uncovered public buildings and
private houses; some have been partially reconstructed by
the Greek Anastylosis Service. Work is still in progress particularly
in a Hellenistic district to the north.
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